The C/C++ Language Reference describes the syntax, semantics, and IBM implementation of the C and C++ programming languages. Syntax and semantics constitute a complete specification of a programming language, but complete implementations can differ because of extensions. The IBM implementations of Standard C and Standard C++ attest to the organic nature of programming languages, reflecting pragmatic considerations and dvances in programming techniques, which are factors that influence growth and change. The language extensions to C and C++ also reflect the changing needs of modern programming environments.
The aims of this reference are to provide a description of the C and C++ languages outside of any comprehensive historical context, and to promote a programming style that emphasizes portability. The expression Standard C is a generic term for the current formal definition of the C language, preprocessor, and run-time library. The expression is ambiguous because subsequent formal definitions of the language have appeared while implementations of its predecessors are still in use. This reference describes a C language onsistent with the C89 language level. To avoid further ambiguity and confusion with K&R C, this reference uses ISO C to mean Standard C, avoiding the term Standard C, and the term Classic C to refer to the C language plus the generally accepted extensions produced by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie (K&R C) that were in use prior to ISO C. The expression Standard C++ is unambiguous because there has been only one formal definition of the language.
The focus of this book is on the fundamentals and intricacies of the C and C++languages. The availability of a particular language feature at a particular language level is controlled by compiler options. Comprehensive coverage of the possibilities offered by the compiler options is available in ILE C/C++ Compiler Reference.
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